Introduction to Irrigation Structures

# Conveyance Structures

  • Makes the delivery of water to downstream possible.

  • Brings water from the source and directly or indirectly, to farmlands.

# Diversion Conduit

  • Diversion conduits are either circular or rectangular pipes that goes from an intake structure to open channels or canals.

  • Diversion conduits can be treated as closed conduits or open channels (as long as there is a gap between water surface and top of conduit)

# Channel | Canal | Flume

  • Channel or sometimes called canals are also referred to us as open channel.

Canal 1 Rectangular Channel

Canal 2 Trapezoidal Channel

# Inverted Siphon

Both inverted siphon and elevated flume are used in conveying water across a depression.

Inverted siphon principle is the same as that of p-trap in plumbing (opposite of siphon effect).

# Siphon Effect

# Section of an Inverted Siphon

Inverted Siphon Section Philippine National Standard. Design of Canal Structures - Road Crossing, Drop, Siphon and Elevated Flume

# Ongoing Construction of an Inverted Siphon

Inverted Siphon

Inverted Siphon 2

Bernabe CIP, Inverted Siphon, Bataan

# Maintenance

p-trap

# Elevated Flume

  • Elevated flumes are simply flumes or canals that crosses a depression.

  • The normal design of an elevated flume is open channel.

  • Sometimes, there is a need for an elevated flume to be treated as closed conduit (si-flume).

Elevated Flume Ongoing Ongoing construction of elevated flume, San Jose, Tarlac

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